This report entails the detailed cost evaluation of cyclosporin production by the submerged fermentation method. Submerged fermentation is a method wherein a microorganism is treated with liquid nutrient media (including soluble sugars, liquid media, molasses, etc.) that allows aerobic growth of the microbe in the presence of oxygen. The process is carried out while controlling different critical factors, such as the pH level, viscosity, temperature, foam formation, dissolved oxygen level substrate utilization, etc, in a bioreactor. In this reaction, Tolypocladium inflatum, a fungus, is fermented by the submerged fermentation method in an oxygen-filled bioreactor, resulting in the production of cyclosporin, especially cyclosporin A, as a final product.
Top Producers of Cyclosporin
- Abbvie Inc.
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Novartis AG
- Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Feedstocks for Cyclosporin
Cyclosporin is produced using a variety of fungi, specifically Tolypocladium inflatum, and a nutrient-rich media made up of some soluble sugars, molasses, and organic fluids with vegetable/fruit juice, etc., that serves as a primary feedstock for the fermentation process. Various factors can impact the procurement of its feedstock on a large scale. Factors including seasonal availability from upstream industries, production rate and production cost, and supply chain stability have a major impact on the demand and, eventually, on the market price of cyclosporin in the chemical and pharmaceutical market. The fluctuations in the price play a vital role in determining the procurement of feedstocks used as well as cyclosporin in the global market.
The project economic analysis provided in the report discusses a Germany-based plant:
- Manufacturing Process
- Process Flow
- Material Flow
- Material Balance
- Raw Material and Product's Specifications
- Raw Material Consumption
- Product and Co-Product Generation
- Capital Investment
- Land and Site Cost
- Offsites/Civil Works
- Equipment Cost
- Auxiliary Equipment Cost
- Contingency
- Engineering and Consulting Charges
- Working Capital
- Variable Cost
- Fixed Cost
- Labor Requirement & Wages
- Overhead Expenses
- Maintenance Charges
- Financing Costs
- Interest on Working Capital
- Interest on Loans
- Depreciation Charges
- General Sales and Admin Costs
- Production Cost Summary