D-Limonene Production By Extraction and Steam Distillation Method

This report provides an extensive cost evaluation of D-limonene production by extraction and steam distillation method. The production process begins by processing the citrus residue obtained from citrus-based fruits such as oranges etc. The residues obtained from these citric fruits are extracted in an alkaline medium (such as potassium hydroxide). The residues are boiled in an alkaline medium, leading to the production of vapor or steam in the air. The steam produced is then distilled and collected for purification, resulting in the production of D-limonene as the final product.

Top Producers of D-Limonene

• Florida Chemical
• Aroma Aromatics & Flavours
• Aredale Chemical
• Norkem
• Bramha Scientific

Feedstocks for D-Limonene

D-limonene is an organic chemical produced from residues of citric fruits such as orange, lemon etc. These citric fruits serve as its primary feedstocks. The procurement of D-limonene is majorly determined by some of the crucial factors, including the harvesting cost (for citric fruit varieties including lemon, oranges, etc.), along with production cost of d-limonene, weather conditions, availability of citric fruits in certain regions (covering Brazil, and the US, etc.), logistics and more. Additionally, other factors such as its demand in different market sectors (including perfumery, food, beverages, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries), transportation, trading activities, economic conditions, and governmental policies significantly govern its overall procurement process.

The project economic analysis provided in the report discusses a Germany-based plant:

• Manufacturing Process
  • Process Flow
  • Material Flow
  • Material Balance
• Raw Material and Product's Specifications
  • Raw Material Consumption
  • Product and Co-Product Generation
  • Capital Investment
• Land and Site Cost
  • Offsites/Civil Works
  • Equipment Cost
  • Auxiliary Equipment Cost
  • Contingency
  • Engineering and Consulting Charges
  • Working Capital
• Variable Cost
  • Raw Material
  • Utilities
• Fixed Cost
  • Labor Requirement & Wages
  • Overhead Expenses
  • Maintenance Charges
• Financing Costs
  • Interest on Working Capital
  • Interest on Loans
• Depreciation Charges
• General Sales and Admin Costs
• Production Cost Summary