The report provides a detailed analysis essential for establishing a probenecid production plant. It encompasses all critical aspects necessary for probenecid production, including the cost of probenecid production, probenecid plant cost, probenecid production costs, and the overall probenecid production plant cost. Additionally, the study covers specific expenditures associated with setting up and operating a probenecid production plant. These encompass production processes, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure needs, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, and more.
Probenecid is a uricosuric agent that stops renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid. This promotes its excretion to lower serum levels, and also blocks the secretion of certain drugs like penicillin to prolong their plasma concentrations. It is used for treating chronic gouty arthritis and tophaceous gout in patients with frequent attacks because of uric acid under-excretion, often combined with colchicine. It is also utilised for preventing gout flares by reducing hyperuricemia secondary to diuretics. Also, it works as an adjunct to enhance antibiotic efficacy by extending their half-life. Its common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, anorexia, facial flushing, and initial gout flares, with less frequent issues like abdominal pain, diarrhoea, joint swelling, sore gums, etc.
The market for probenecid is driven by rising global cases of gout and hyperuricemia. The rise in ageing populations and increasing antibiotic combination therapies, where it enhances efficacy of penicillin and cephalosporins, boosts its demand. The expanding healthcare infrastructure and chronic disease awareness in high-growth Asia-Pacific markets boost its demand. The low-cost API sourcing from established Indian and Chinese manufacturers with reliable GMP compliance and Drug Master File listings influences industrial probenecid procurement. The minimal regulatory barriers enabling rapid approvals and a stable supply of straightforward raw materials without exotic dependencies affect its market dynamics. The heightened price sensitivity in bulk tenders for public health programs and pharmacies further impacts its sourcing strategies.
Raw Material for Probenecid Production
According to the probenecid production plant project report, the key raw materials used in the production of probenecid include p-aminobenzoic acid and sodium nitrite.
Production Process of Probenecid
The extensive probenecid production cost report consists of the following major industrial production process:
- From p-aminobenzoic acid and sodium nitrite: The production process of probenecid involves several steps. First, p-aminobenzoic acid was diazotised with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid. This is then reacted with the diazonium salt with sulfur dioxide in dilute HCl to form p-carboxybenzenesulfonyl chloride. This intermediate is amidated with di-n-propylamine in water, followed by acidification with HCl and filtration to yield probenecid.
Probenecid is a small-molecule uricosuric agent with the molecular formula C13H19NO4S and molecular weight of 285.36 g/mol. It features a 4-(dipropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid structure that includes a sulfonamide group and carboxylic acid functionality. It appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a density of around 1.22 g/cm³. It has a melting point of 198 degree Celsius, and water solubility of approximately 860 mg/L at neutral pH. It has a logP value of 2.4, indicating moderate lipophilicity. It is stable under normal storage but sensitive to light and moisture. It exhibits 1 hydrogen bond donor, 3 acceptors, 7 rotatable bonds, and 1 aromatic ring, enabling inhibition of organic anion transporters (OAT1/OAT3) in renal tubules.
