The global mustard seed market exhibited a firm upward trajectory during H1’25, primarily driven by tightening supply conditions and sustained demand in key producing regions. In India, delayed arrivals from major growing states such as Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, coupled with declining mandi inflows, significantly constrained availability, supporting a strong bullish sentiment. Robust demand from oil processors and bulk buyers further intensified procurement activity, while expectations of lower crop output reinforced speculative buying. Rising input costs, including fertilizers, diesel, and labor, also elevated production and processing expenses, adding upward pressure across the value chain. However, globally, mustard seed trends diverged from the broader vegetable oil complex, where prices remained relatively soft, as limited seed availability and strong domestic consumption in South Asia influenced international sentiment. Additionally, uncertainty surrounding planting and harvest outlooks in other producing regions such as Canada, Ukraine, and parts of Europe contributed to cautious trade positioning. Overall, the market remained supply-driven, with firm demand fundamentals sustaining an upward pricing trend across H1’25.